Rachel Carson, inherently taciturn, used her writing skills to project the cries of nature and awaken the American conscience to the value of the environment. She was a determined leader, courageous enough to challenge the accepted theories on pesticide usage. Her eloquent writing made it effortless for the common man to comprehend the complex elements of science. The power of her prose triggered increased environmental concern resulting in policy changes and continues to inspire new leaders today, making Carson the Mother of the Modern Environmental Movement. Her message that man and nature are inextricably connected is timeless and her voice continues to get louder as her legacy lives on. Even though the environmental barriers we face today have taken a new direction, Carson’s belief that everyone has a personal responsibility to protect the environment will ensure that Spring will never be silent again.
TEMP
http://www.tomudall.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=1880
http://www.tomudall.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=1880
BIB - DDT BAN
Cohn, Barbara A. et al. “DDT and Breast Cancer in Young Women: New Data on the Significance of Age at Exposure.” Environmental Health Perspectives 115.10 (2007): 1406–1414. PMC. Web. 28 Mar. 2015.
This recent article had data on the significance of DDT exposure in young women in the 1950's. We used a quote from the article to show the co-relation of DDT and cancer. We used a quote from this article on the DDT ban page.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2022666/
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-26-laura-bush-africa_N.htm
Zuydam, Schalk Van. "Laura Bush Presses AIDS Fight in Africa" Laura Bush Presses AIDS Fight in Africa. USA Today, 27 June 2007. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
This article gave us information about President George Bush's malaria initiative. In 2007, DDT was permitted again to control malaria. We used a quote from this article on the DDT Ban page.
"The President's Malaria Initiative." The President's Malaria Initiative. White House President George Bush Archives, n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
In June 2005, President Bush launched the President's Malaria Initiative, a five-year $1.2 billion program to combat malaria in 15 of the hardest-hit African nations. This initiative included permission to use DDT to combat malaria. We used am image about the President's Malaria Incentive on the DDT ban page.
1) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr50/en/ - WHO gives indoor use of DDT a clean bill of health for controlling malaria
2) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr50/en/
3)http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/infocus/malaria/
4) DDT and risk of cancer --
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-26-laura-bush-africa_N.htm
"In South Africa, the number of malaria cases fell by 65% to 3,597 between June 2006 and March 2007, down from 10,418 cases the year before. Deaths were reduced by 73% from 85 to 25. This compared to 62,700 cases and 466 deaths in 1999-2000, when the country was gripped by an epidemic because mosquitoes proved resistant to an insecticide used as an alternative to DDT." - http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-26-laura-bush-africa_N.htm
Cohn, Barbara A. et al. “DDT and Breast Cancer in Young Women: New Data on the Significance of Age at Exposure.” Environmental Health Perspectives 115.10 (2007): 1406–1414. PMC. Web. 28 Mar. 2015.
This recent article had data on the significance of DDT exposure in young women in the 1950's. We used a quote from the article to show the co-relation of DDT and cancer. We used a quote from this article on the DDT ban page.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2022666/
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-26-laura-bush-africa_N.htm
Zuydam, Schalk Van. "Laura Bush Presses AIDS Fight in Africa" Laura Bush Presses AIDS Fight in Africa. USA Today, 27 June 2007. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
This article gave us information about President George Bush's malaria initiative. In 2007, DDT was permitted again to control malaria. We used a quote from this article on the DDT Ban page.
"The President's Malaria Initiative." The President's Malaria Initiative. White House President George Bush Archives, n.d. Web. 27 Mar. 2015.
In June 2005, President Bush launched the President's Malaria Initiative, a five-year $1.2 billion program to combat malaria in 15 of the hardest-hit African nations. This initiative included permission to use DDT to combat malaria. We used am image about the President's Malaria Incentive on the DDT ban page.
1) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr50/en/ - WHO gives indoor use of DDT a clean bill of health for controlling malaria
2) http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2006/pr50/en/
3)http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/infocus/malaria/
4) DDT and risk of cancer --
http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-26-laura-bush-africa_N.htm
"In South Africa, the number of malaria cases fell by 65% to 3,597 between June 2006 and March 2007, down from 10,418 cases the year before. Deaths were reduced by 73% from 85 to 25. This compared to 62,700 cases and 466 deaths in 1999-2000, when the country was gripped by an epidemic because mosquitoes proved resistant to an insecticide used as an alternative to DDT." - http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-26-laura-bush-africa_N.htm
Public drinking water is cleaner: The number of Americans receiving water that met health standards went from 79 percent, in 1993, to 92 percent, in 2008.
Americans are saving money: WaterSense-labeled products help consumers save 9.3 billion gallons of water and...helped consumers save more than $55 million in water and sewer bills in 2008."
Americans are saving money: WaterSense-labeled products help consumers save 9.3 billion gallons of water and...helped consumers save more than $55 million in water and sewer bills in 2008."
"Red bars show temperatures above the long-term average...blue bars indicate temperatures below the long-term average. The black line shows atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration...need to avert an additional 2-degree increase to avoid the most catastrophic impacts of climate change."
Over-Questioning of Science
National Geographic Magazine, March 2015
http://wp.production.patheos.com/blogs/wwjtd/files/2015/02/natgeo.png
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2015/03/science-doubters/achenbach-text
"We live in an age when all manner of scientific knowledge—from the safety of fluoride and vaccines to the reality of climate change—faces organized and often furious opposition. Empowered by their own sources of information and their own interpretations of research, doubters have declared war on the consensus of experts. "
"I don’t believe asking if Rachel Carson was right or wrong is the correct question because none of this is black and white" - http://pittsburghquarterly.com/index.php/Environment/was-rachel-carsonright.html
"We live in an age when all manner of scientific knowledge—from the safety of fluoride and vaccines to the reality of climate change—faces organized and often furious opposition. Empowered by their own sources of information and their own interpretations of research, doubters have declared war on the consensus of experts. "
"I don’t believe asking if Rachel Carson was right or wrong is the correct question because none of this is black and white" - http://pittsburghquarterly.com/index.php/Environment/was-rachel-carsonright.html
"The U.S. has committed to expand new and existing international initiatives...will lead global public sector financing toward cleaner energy."
"the Obama Administration will help...build stronger communities...protect critical sectors of our economy... (and) manage climate impacts."
"The proposed standards for new power plants are the first uniform national limits on the amount of carbon pollution that future power plants will be allowed to emit." -Moving Forward on the Climate Action Plan, EPA Fact Sheet
Climate Change
http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/08/12/would-rachel-carson-embrace-frankenfoods-this-scientist-believes-yes/
March 2015 - National Geographic
http://wp.production.patheos.com/blogs/wwjtd/files/2015/02/natgeo.png
http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2015/03/science-doubters/achenbach-text
http://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/2011/08/11/genetically-engineered-crops/ -
Pamela Ronald is Professor of Plant Pathology at the University of California, Davis, where she studies the role that genes play in a plant’s response to its environment. Her research focuses on the genetics of rice.
http://www.science20.com/cool-links/rachel_carson_wanted_gmos-92989
Rachel Carson's stamp in USA, Palau, Marshall Islands and Zambia.. -
The US Medal of Freedom was awarded to Rachel Carson, Posthumeously by President Carterin 1980.
The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 was Silent Spring’s greatest legal vindication. It directed the EPA to protect the public from “unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.” Under its authority, the EPA acted to ban or severely restrict all six compounds indicted in Silent Spring—DDT, chlordane, heptachlor, dieldrin, aldrin, and endrin—and assumed responsibility for testing new chemicals.
demystified science.
She eloquantly worte about the science and nature that will understood by lay people.
http://www.womeninscience.org/story.php?storyID=109
Carson's love of nature and passion for writing shaped not just a career but a whole movement. Carson began her career in 1932, writing radio scripts for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and rose to head of publications. Meanwhile she wrote magazine and newspaper articles, and books about the wonders of the earth. Her eloquent style opened the world of science and nature to lay people everywhere. But after World War II, Rachel Carson's work changed. Concerned with the increased use of dangerous pesticides she devoted the rest of her life to informing the public about the need to protect the planet.
"But to best understand Carson’s legacy, there’s no better place to look than Catalina Island, just off the coast of southern California—home again to the bald eagle...But just this month, for the first time in decades, eggs left in nests in the wild hatched on their own. Ann Muscat, president of the Catalina Island Conservancy, believes the eagles owe it all to Rachel Carson."
—Caitlin A. Johnson, “The Price of Progress,” CBS (aired 19 September 2007)
—Caitlin A. Johnson, “The Price of Progress,” CBS (aired 19 September 2007)
literature
turning organic
people moving towards organic movements
song
sens of wonder
Stamps -- http://www.planetpatriot.net/stamps2/carson_rachel_stamps.html
turning organic
people moving towards organic movements
song
sens of wonder
Stamps -- http://www.planetpatriot.net/stamps2/carson_rachel_stamps.html
Organic Movement Temp
History of Organic Farming Movement -- http://theorganicsinstitute.com/organic/history-of-the-organic-movement/
http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usda/usdahome?navid=organic-agriculture - SEAL
Time magazine caption showing Organic food consumption in US
http://time.com/97949/organic-food-sales-on-the-rise/
Chart showing organic food growth.
http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/detail.aspx?chartId=35003
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/17/us/the-battle-over-the-medfly.html
"But organic foods are not necessarily free of pesticides, many of which occur in nature. If mishandled, they could kill just as effectively as any lab-engineered product. There is, too, organic food’s relatively high cost; it is beyond the reach of many. And so one argument goes like this: If some people reduce their consumption of healthful fruits and vegetables, whether out of fear of pesticides or an inability to afford organic, are they not doing themselves at least as much potential harm as they would by simply accepting anti-pest chemicals as an inescapable part of modern life?" By CLYDE HABERMAN, Ny times
Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 - Setting standards for organic food certification.
http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELPRDC5060370
IPM TEMP SECTION
IPM in schools - http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ipm/index.htm
IPM for Beekeepers - http://www.clemson.edu/extension/beekeepers/publications/what_integrated_pest_management_means_for_todays_beekeeper.html
"Although IPM’s early focus was on agricultural field pest management, it now includes diseases, weeds, and other pests that infest homes, commercial buildings, landscapes, and animals. Schools, golf courses, dairies, and poultry operations are just a few examples of areas which use IPM today."
environmental and agricultural agencies advocate for managing pests using a combination of practices. . IPM operates on the principle that “an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.
Of the ten elements of IPM for managing pests, pesticides (chemical controls) are only one:
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/print.php?pid=3731 - Presidential proclaimation.
IPM in schools - http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ipm/index.htm
IPM for Beekeepers - http://www.clemson.edu/extension/beekeepers/publications/what_integrated_pest_management_means_for_todays_beekeeper.html
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/print.php?pid=3731 - Presidential proclaimation.
IPM provides an effective strategy for managing pests in all arenas from developed agricultural, residential, and public areas to wild lands. IPM serves as an umbrella to provide an effective, all encompassing, low risk approach to protect resources and people from pests. (IPM Roadmap, USDA, 2004)”.
"EDF has been working for nearly 20 years to
reform the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Passed in 1976, this..law fails to protect Americans from potentially harmful
chemicals.."
- Rachel Shaffer, "Either Change the System or Risk Another "Silent Spring"" Environmental Defense Fund, Dec 4, 2013
- Rachel Shaffer, "Either Change the System or Risk Another "Silent Spring"" Environmental Defense Fund, Dec 4, 2013
LEGISLATION BIB
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-87/pdf/STATUTE-87-Pg884.pdf
https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/whatsnew/events/carson/Pres_Web/temple_RACHEL%20CARSON.pdf
http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-air-act
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=2874
Box 105, Statements of LBJ, May 8, 1964 - May 18 , 1964, LBJ Presidential Museum Archives
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-87/pdf/STATUTE-87-Pg884.pdf
https://www.pwrc.usgs.gov/whatsnew/events/carson/Pres_Web/temple_RACHEL%20CARSON.pdf
http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-air-act
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=2874
Box 105, Statements of LBJ, May 8, 1964 - May 18 , 1964, LBJ Presidential Museum Archives
Popular Culture BIB
http://www.genatural.com/about/celebrating-rachel-carson/
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntwilderness/essays/carsonb.htm
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntwilderness/wildernesslinkscar.htm
http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/silent-spring/silent-spring-popular-culture
http://www.la-razon.com/index.php?_url=/la_revista/Grillo-Villegas-recital-TV-Culturas_0_1817218361.html
http://www.genatural.com/about/celebrating-rachel-carson/
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntwilderness/essays/carsonb.htm
http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntwilderness/wildernesslinkscar.htm
http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/silent-spring/silent-spring-popular-culture
http://www.la-razon.com/index.php?_url=/la_revista/Grillo-Villegas-recital-TV-Culturas_0_1817218361.html
EDF Bibliography
"How Important Was Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in the Recovery of Bald Eagles and Other Bird Species?" Scientific American Global RSS. N.p., 31 Aug. 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2015.
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rachel-carson-silent-spring-1972-ddt-ban-birds-thrive/
Shaffer, Rachel. "Either Change the System or Risk Another "Silent Spring"" Environmental Defense Fund. N.p., 4 Dec. 2013. Web. 19 Jan. 2015.
fix quote on the top
something with ddt
"The group’s first order of business included filing lawsuits in New York, Michigan, Wisconsin and Washington DC to force a ban on DDT."
only take headlines
major things that they did
"How Important Was Rachel Carson's Silent Spring in the Recovery of Bald Eagles and Other Bird Species?" Scientific American Global RSS. N.p., 31 Aug. 2012. Web. 19 Jan. 2015.
http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/rachel-carson-silent-spring-1972-ddt-ban-birds-thrive/
Shaffer, Rachel. "Either Change the System or Risk Another "Silent Spring"" Environmental Defense Fund. N.p., 4 Dec. 2013. Web. 19 Jan. 2015.
fix quote on the top
something with ddt
"The group’s first order of business included filing lawsuits in New York, Michigan, Wisconsin and Washington DC to force a ban on DDT."
only take headlines
major things that they did
Earth Day page
http://www.aauw.org/article/earth-day-aauw-and-rachel-carson-an-archives-discovery/
http://www.smcl.org/en/content/earth-day-and-rachel-carson%E2%80%99s-legacy
http://www.earthday.org/earth-day-history-movement
http://museum.msu.edu/?q=node/703
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i6iE7AxVKE
Ribicoff welcomed her with the words, “You are the lady who started all this.” - When Rachel carson tesfied before congress.
Bibliography
http://www.newsweek.com/it-time-retire-earth-day-77137
http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/epajrnl16&div=6&id=&page=
http://www.aauw.org/article/earth-day-aauw-and-rachel-carson-an-archives-discovery/
http://www.smcl.org/en/content/earth-day-and-rachel-carson%E2%80%99s-legacy
http://www.earthday.org/earth-day-history-movement
http://museum.msu.edu/?q=node/703
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2i6iE7AxVKE
Ribicoff welcomed her with the words, “You are the lady who started all this.” - When Rachel carson tesfied before congress.
Bibliography
http://www.newsweek.com/it-time-retire-earth-day-77137
http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/epajrnl16&div=6&id=&page=
"Rachel Carson became the “Mother of the Modern Environmental Movement” through her book, Silent Spring, by pushing for environmental policies that would protect human health and the environment."
- http://faculty.wagner.edu/lori-weintrob/rachel-carson-mother-of-the-environmental-movement-2/
- http://faculty.wagner.edu/lori-weintrob/rachel-carson-mother-of-the-environmental-movement-2/
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/about-us/special-events/the-legacy-of-rachel-carsons-silent-spring/
The public reception of Silent Spring
Prof. Dr Michelle Mart, Rachel Carson Centre fellow, associate professor Pennsylvania State University, USA
The impact of Silent Spring on the general public, from the time of its release until today, and the ensuing effects on public and political perspectives and behaviours towards pesticides.
Women activists in the decade following the Silent Spring: Billee Shoecraft, Ida Honorof, and Carol Van Strum
Prof. Dr Amy Hay, Rachel Carson Centre fellow, assistant professor, University of Texas–Pan American, USA
These western women activists were inspired and influenced by Rachel Carson in their protests against the use of Agent Orange herbicides in the decades following the publication of Silent Spring.
The public reception of Silent Spring
Prof. Dr Michelle Mart, Rachel Carson Centre fellow, associate professor Pennsylvania State University, USA
The impact of Silent Spring on the general public, from the time of its release until today, and the ensuing effects on public and political perspectives and behaviours towards pesticides.
Women activists in the decade following the Silent Spring: Billee Shoecraft, Ida Honorof, and Carol Van Strum
Prof. Dr Amy Hay, Rachel Carson Centre fellow, assistant professor, University of Texas–Pan American, USA
These western women activists were inspired and influenced by Rachel Carson in their protests against the use of Agent Orange herbicides in the decades following the publication of Silent Spring.
"She was the one who kind of rang the alarm bell, that we have to start thinking about the world around us in a different way," said Laurie M. Deredita, curator of a collection of Carson's papers at Connecticut College in New London, Conn."
"the book [Silent Spring] contributed to a wave of outrage that eventually coalesced into modern environmentalism. In the years after Carson's death, DDT was banned, and the Environmental Protection Agency was established as a watchdog on pollution."
-http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/06/AR2007030602033.html
"the book [Silent Spring] contributed to a wave of outrage that eventually coalesced into modern environmentalism. In the years after Carson's death, DDT was banned, and the Environmental Protection Agency was established as a watchdog on pollution."
-http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/03/06/AR2007030602033.html
much of Carson’s science was accurate and forward-looking. Dr. Theo Colborn, an environmental health analyst and co-author of a 1996 book, “Our Stolen Future,” about endocrine disrupters — the chemicals that can interfere with the body’s hormone system — points out that Carson was on the cutting edge of the science of her day.
-http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?pagewanted=all
-http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?pagewanted=all
Carson used the era’s hysteria about radiation to snap her readers to attention, drawing a parallel between nuclear fallout and a new, invisible chemical threat of pesticides throughout “Silent Spring.” “We are rightly appalled by the genetic effects of radiation,” she wrote. “How then, can we be indifferent to the same effect in chemicals that we disseminate widely in our environment?”
- http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?pagewanted=all
- http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-the-environmental-movement.html?pagewanted=all
Carson was one of the catalysts for the environmental movement.
Impact of silent spring
- green movement
- awareness
- popularized modern ecology
- banning of DDT
- "From this perspective, the book is not just an ecological alarm call. It is an assault on the paternalism of postwar science"
- EPA
- Environmental Defense Fund (EDF)
Bibliography
McKie, Robin. "Rachel Carson and the Legacy of Silent Spring." The Guardian. N.p., 26 May 2012. Web. 20 Dec. 2014. From this secondary article, we were able to gain a broad base on the impact and importance of Silent Spring today.
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/may/27/rachel-carson-silent-spring-anniversary
McKie, Robin. "Rachel Carson and the Legacy of Silent Spring." The Guardian. N.p., 26 May 2012. Web. 20 Dec. 2014. From this secondary article, we were able to gain a broad base on the impact and importance of Silent Spring today.
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/may/27/rachel-carson-silent-spring-anniversary
Johnson and the Great Society - environmental focus
"We have always prided ourselves on being not only America the strong and America the free, but America the beautiful.Today that beauty is in danger."
-http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/issues/902/902_rome.pdf
"We have always prided ourselves on being not only America the strong and America the free, but America the beautiful.Today that beauty is in danger."
-http://www.journalofamericanhistory.org/issues/902/902_rome.pdf
http://www.google.com/doodles/rachel-louise-carsons-107th-birthday - May 27th, 2014
|
http://www.waterinfo.org/node/4672
Clean Water Act http://www.wmm.com/filmcatalog/pages/c401.shtml Seeing themselves as spiritual heirs of author Rachel Carson, whose 1962 book SILENT SPRING warned of the dangers of DDT exposure, they focus on issues including chemical contamination, radiation, and electromagnetic exposure to find breast cancer's causes. Addressing environmental racism, inequalities in research funding, and disparities in cancer rates for women of color, they track the effects of social biases on cancer incidence and health care delivery. |
|
Changing the thinking:
A more telling measure of how attitudes have changed is reflected in a letter penned by Rudy M. Baum, Editor-in-Chief of Chemical & Engineering News, published in the June 4, 2007, edition:
“At a time when humans largely believed themselves to be apart from nature and destined to control it, Carson argued passionately that nature is, in fact, a network of interconnections and interdependencies and that humans are a part of that network and threaten its cohesion at their own peril. ...What is mainstream today was heretical in 1962, and I think this part of Carson’s argument is what earned her such enmity when Silent Spring was published.”
Carson, who died in 1964, inspired a new paradigm of thinking—where humanity is not the center of life on earth, but part of nature. The legacy of Silent Spring continues today in the scientific community’s increased focus on environmentally friendly practices and the public’s heightened support for sustainability in all areas of our lives.
http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/rachel-carson-silent-spring.html#carsons-legacy
Since the publication of Silent Spring, the chemistry discipline has grown to include green chemistry--the design, development, and implementation of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of substances hazardous to human health and the environment—and a new role for chemists in investigating the impact of human activity on the environment. Scientists, policy makers, and the public now recognize and weigh trade-offs of new technologies. Several generations have grown up embracing Carson’s ideals of ecological awareness, environmental protection, and conservation.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nature/disrupt/sspring.html
negative consequences:
Jameson agrees. "Was she right? Emphatically so. Was she heeded? Well, over DDT, she was. But her broad message, that we need to act in moderation and achieve a balance with nature, has still not been fully grasped."
says ornithologist Conor Mark Jameson, author of Silent Spring Revisited, a re-examination of Carson's legacy.
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/may/27/rachel-carson-silent-spring-anniversary
The legacy of Rachel Carson is that tens of millions of human lives – mostly children in poor, tropical countries – have been traded for the possibility of slightly improved fertility in raptors. This remains one of the monumental human tragedies of the last century. It is shocking that Dunn, an assistant professor of biology, remains ignorant of Carson’s shortcomings, and deplorable that university students are exposed to a scientist who manifests such ignorance and failure to respect the norms of science. Likewise, Nature’s decision to publish Dunn’s commentary reflects either an antiscientific bias or a failure of peer-review.http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/09/05/rachel-carsons-deadly-fantasies/2/
In 1992, San Jose State University entomologist J. Gordon Edwards, a long-time member of the Sierra Club and the Audubon Society and a fellow of theCalifornia Academy of Sciences, offered a persuasive and comprehensive rebuttal of “Silent Spring.” As he explained in “The Lies of Rachel Carson,” a stunning, point by point refutation, “it simply dawned on me that that Rachel Carson was not interested in the truth about [pesticides] and that I was being duped along with millions of other Americans.” He demolished Carson’s arguments and assertions, calling attention to critical omissions, faulty assumptions, and outright fabrications.
A more telling measure of how attitudes have changed is reflected in a letter penned by Rudy M. Baum, Editor-in-Chief of Chemical & Engineering News, published in the June 4, 2007, edition:
“At a time when humans largely believed themselves to be apart from nature and destined to control it, Carson argued passionately that nature is, in fact, a network of interconnections and interdependencies and that humans are a part of that network and threaten its cohesion at their own peril. ...What is mainstream today was heretical in 1962, and I think this part of Carson’s argument is what earned her such enmity when Silent Spring was published.”
Carson, who died in 1964, inspired a new paradigm of thinking—where humanity is not the center of life on earth, but part of nature. The legacy of Silent Spring continues today in the scientific community’s increased focus on environmentally friendly practices and the public’s heightened support for sustainability in all areas of our lives.
http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/rachel-carson-silent-spring.html#carsons-legacy
Since the publication of Silent Spring, the chemistry discipline has grown to include green chemistry--the design, development, and implementation of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of substances hazardous to human health and the environment—and a new role for chemists in investigating the impact of human activity on the environment. Scientists, policy makers, and the public now recognize and weigh trade-offs of new technologies. Several generations have grown up embracing Carson’s ideals of ecological awareness, environmental protection, and conservation.
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/nature/disrupt/sspring.html
negative consequences:
Jameson agrees. "Was she right? Emphatically so. Was she heeded? Well, over DDT, she was. But her broad message, that we need to act in moderation and achieve a balance with nature, has still not been fully grasped."
says ornithologist Conor Mark Jameson, author of Silent Spring Revisited, a re-examination of Carson's legacy.
http://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/may/27/rachel-carson-silent-spring-anniversary
The legacy of Rachel Carson is that tens of millions of human lives – mostly children in poor, tropical countries – have been traded for the possibility of slightly improved fertility in raptors. This remains one of the monumental human tragedies of the last century. It is shocking that Dunn, an assistant professor of biology, remains ignorant of Carson’s shortcomings, and deplorable that university students are exposed to a scientist who manifests such ignorance and failure to respect the norms of science. Likewise, Nature’s decision to publish Dunn’s commentary reflects either an antiscientific bias or a failure of peer-review.http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/09/05/rachel-carsons-deadly-fantasies/2/
In 1992, San Jose State University entomologist J. Gordon Edwards, a long-time member of the Sierra Club and the Audubon Society and a fellow of theCalifornia Academy of Sciences, offered a persuasive and comprehensive rebuttal of “Silent Spring.” As he explained in “The Lies of Rachel Carson,” a stunning, point by point refutation, “it simply dawned on me that that Rachel Carson was not interested in the truth about [pesticides] and that I was being duped along with millions of other Americans.” He demolished Carson’s arguments and assertions, calling attention to critical omissions, faulty assumptions, and outright fabrications.
Rachel Carson cared deeply about the natural world about her. As a marine biologist her work focused mainly on marine life and on the dangers of chemical pollution; it laid the foundation for the modern environmental movement. When it was released in 1962, her book Silent Spring had an immediate, profound impact that still resonates today. She wrote about technical issues in a beautiful, accessible style, thus reaching a broad audience.
Carson argued that pesticides are more properly termed "biocides" because of their detrimental effects on the environment, rarely limited to the targeted pests. Observing that the indiscriminate use of pesticides were killing songbirds, she was inspired by a phrase from a John Keats poem—"And no birds sing" to name the book. Silent Spring elicited a public outcry for direct action followed by a brutal backlash from the chemical industry, often tainted with sexism.
Rachel Carson’s legacy is manifold. She became an international voice for the public understanding of science through her sea trilogy: Under the Sea Wind, The Sea Around Us and The Edge of the Sea, an exploration of the whole of ocean life from the shores to the depth. Silent Spring helped shape the modern idea of environmentalism, and she is a role model for women scientists around the world.
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/about-us/special-events/the-legacy-of-rachel-carsons-silent-spring/
The public reception of Silent Spring
Prof. Dr Michelle Mart, Rachel Carson Centre fellow, associate professor Pennsylvania State University, USA
The impact of Silent Spring on the general public, from the time of its release until today, and the ensuing effects on public and political perspectives and behaviours towards pesticides.
Women activists in the decade following the Silent Spring: Billee Shoecraft, Ida Honorof, and Carol Van Strum
Prof. Dr Amy Hay, Rachel Carson Centre fellow, assistant professor, University of Texas–Pan American, USA
These western women activists were inspired and influenced by Rachel Carson in their protests against the use of Agent Orange herbicides in the decades following the publication of Silent Spring.
Organic foods.
Integrated planning and Pest managements.
The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 was Silent Spring’s greatest legal vindication. It directed the EPA to protect the public from “unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.” Under its authority, the EPA acted to ban or severely restrict all six compounds indicted in Silent Spring—DDT, chlordane, heptachlor, dieldrin, aldrin, and endrin—and assumed responsibility for testing new chemicals.
http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/silent-spring/us-federal-government-responds
==========================================================================================================
Overview
http://www.csrees.usda.gov/ProgViewOverview.cfm?prnum=20692
http://streaming.msu.edu/storemedia/packages/taylo548/52388377bddaf/index.htm
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the implementation of diverse methods of pest controls, paired with monitoring to reduce unnecessary pesticide applications. In IPM, pesticides are used in combination with other crop management approaches to minimize the effects of pests while supporting a profitable system that has negligible negative effects. NIFA administers and provides leadership for a broad portfolio of IPM programs.
The concept of IPM was hatched in the 1970 through the environmental movement that resulted in part from the purported pesticide use abuses that were described in Rachel Carsons 1962 book, Silent Spring. Integrated Pest Management allows for a win-win situation for all involved. NIFA administers and provides leadership for a broad portfolio of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. The goals of the program are at the heart of the National IPM Roadmap, a document adopted in 2004 to provide definition to an expanding universe of applications for IPM. The fundamental principles expressed in the National IPM Roadmap are: 1) to improve the economic benefits related to the adoption of IPM practices, 2) to reduce potential human health risks from pests and the use of pest management practices, and 3) to reduce unreasonable adverse environmental effects from pests and the use of pest management practices. The National IPM Roadmap guides all IPM programs administered by the Federal Government.
At the heart of this debate is a concern that pesticide users do not adequately protect the food supply, the environment, and farm workers from unintended adverse effects. Meanwhile, pesticide users face increasing pest resistance to pesticides, the loss of economical pest control products due to regulatory actions and market forces, and higher costs of new reduced risk pesticides. NIFA partners with researchers and educators in the Land-Grant University System and the private sector to develop and implement new ways to address these complex pest management issues. NIFA provides funding to support extension IPM implementation and pesticide applicator safety programs in 50 states and six territories, the Minor Crop Pest Management Program (IR-4), four regional IPM centers, and numerous grants programs. Each of these investments contributes to the development of safe and effective IPM systems that increase farm profitability, reduce environmental and human health risks, and protect natural resources.
=========================================================================================================
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/04/15/when-the-earth-moved
Then, forty years after Earth Day, in the summer of 2010, the environmental movement suffered a humiliating defeat as unexpected as the success of Earth Day had been. The Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid, announced that he would not bring to a vote a bill meant to address the greatest environmental problem of our time—global warming. The movement had poured years of effort into the bill, which involved a complicated system for limiting carbon emissions. Now it was dead, and there has been no significant environmental legislation since. Indeed, one could argue that there has been no major environmental legislation since 1990, when President George H. W. Bush signed a bill aimed at reducing acid rain. Today’s environmental movement is vastly bigger, richer, and better connected than it was in 1970. It’s also vastly less successful. What went wrong?
Carson argued that pesticides are more properly termed "biocides" because of their detrimental effects on the environment, rarely limited to the targeted pests. Observing that the indiscriminate use of pesticides were killing songbirds, she was inspired by a phrase from a John Keats poem—"And no birds sing" to name the book. Silent Spring elicited a public outcry for direct action followed by a brutal backlash from the chemical industry, often tainted with sexism.
Rachel Carson’s legacy is manifold. She became an international voice for the public understanding of science through her sea trilogy: Under the Sea Wind, The Sea Around Us and The Edge of the Sea, an exploration of the whole of ocean life from the shores to the depth. Silent Spring helped shape the modern idea of environmentalism, and she is a role model for women scientists around the world.
http://www.unesco.org/new/en/natural-sciences/ioc-oceans/about-us/special-events/the-legacy-of-rachel-carsons-silent-spring/
The public reception of Silent Spring
Prof. Dr Michelle Mart, Rachel Carson Centre fellow, associate professor Pennsylvania State University, USA
The impact of Silent Spring on the general public, from the time of its release until today, and the ensuing effects on public and political perspectives and behaviours towards pesticides.
Women activists in the decade following the Silent Spring: Billee Shoecraft, Ida Honorof, and Carol Van Strum
Prof. Dr Amy Hay, Rachel Carson Centre fellow, assistant professor, University of Texas–Pan American, USA
These western women activists were inspired and influenced by Rachel Carson in their protests against the use of Agent Orange herbicides in the decades following the publication of Silent Spring.
Organic foods.
Integrated planning and Pest managements.
The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 was Silent Spring’s greatest legal vindication. It directed the EPA to protect the public from “unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.” Under its authority, the EPA acted to ban or severely restrict all six compounds indicted in Silent Spring—DDT, chlordane, heptachlor, dieldrin, aldrin, and endrin—and assumed responsibility for testing new chemicals.
http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/silent-spring/us-federal-government-responds
==========================================================================================================
Overview
http://www.csrees.usda.gov/ProgViewOverview.cfm?prnum=20692
http://streaming.msu.edu/storemedia/packages/taylo548/52388377bddaf/index.htm
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the implementation of diverse methods of pest controls, paired with monitoring to reduce unnecessary pesticide applications. In IPM, pesticides are used in combination with other crop management approaches to minimize the effects of pests while supporting a profitable system that has negligible negative effects. NIFA administers and provides leadership for a broad portfolio of IPM programs.
The concept of IPM was hatched in the 1970 through the environmental movement that resulted in part from the purported pesticide use abuses that were described in Rachel Carsons 1962 book, Silent Spring. Integrated Pest Management allows for a win-win situation for all involved. NIFA administers and provides leadership for a broad portfolio of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. The goals of the program are at the heart of the National IPM Roadmap, a document adopted in 2004 to provide definition to an expanding universe of applications for IPM. The fundamental principles expressed in the National IPM Roadmap are: 1) to improve the economic benefits related to the adoption of IPM practices, 2) to reduce potential human health risks from pests and the use of pest management practices, and 3) to reduce unreasonable adverse environmental effects from pests and the use of pest management practices. The National IPM Roadmap guides all IPM programs administered by the Federal Government.
At the heart of this debate is a concern that pesticide users do not adequately protect the food supply, the environment, and farm workers from unintended adverse effects. Meanwhile, pesticide users face increasing pest resistance to pesticides, the loss of economical pest control products due to regulatory actions and market forces, and higher costs of new reduced risk pesticides. NIFA partners with researchers and educators in the Land-Grant University System and the private sector to develop and implement new ways to address these complex pest management issues. NIFA provides funding to support extension IPM implementation and pesticide applicator safety programs in 50 states and six territories, the Minor Crop Pest Management Program (IR-4), four regional IPM centers, and numerous grants programs. Each of these investments contributes to the development of safe and effective IPM systems that increase farm profitability, reduce environmental and human health risks, and protect natural resources.
=========================================================================================================
http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/04/15/when-the-earth-moved
Then, forty years after Earth Day, in the summer of 2010, the environmental movement suffered a humiliating defeat as unexpected as the success of Earth Day had been. The Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid, announced that he would not bring to a vote a bill meant to address the greatest environmental problem of our time—global warming. The movement had poured years of effort into the bill, which involved a complicated system for limiting carbon emissions. Now it was dead, and there has been no significant environmental legislation since. Indeed, one could argue that there has been no major environmental legislation since 1990, when President George H. W. Bush signed a bill aimed at reducing acid rain. Today’s environmental movement is vastly bigger, richer, and better connected than it was in 1970. It’s also vastly less successful. What went wrong?